Asjmuni Abdurrahman's thoughts on the hadiths of legal status (Aḥādīth al-Aḥkām)

Abstract

This research examines the thinking of a Muslim scholar, Asjmuni Abdurrahman, in his capacity as an expert on fiqh and uṣūl al-fiqh, especially his ideas relating to hadiths of legal status (aḥādīth al-aḥkām). This type of research is a literature study with a qualitative approach. Research data collection techniques use documentation methods that are then processed and analyzed using descriptive-analytical methods. The primary data sources used are the book "Manhaj Tarjih Muhammadiyah: Metodologi dan Aplikasi" and the book "Memahami Makna Tekstual, Kontekstual & Liberal". This study showed that hadith can be reviewed from two things,  namely sanad and matan. In  sanad aspect,  only the hadith of ṣaḥīḥ and ḥasan can be used as a legal basis, be it  mutawātir  or  āḥād.  The Matan aspect can be understood through the method of uṣūl al-fiqh;  if the hadith is related to ta'abbudi then it is understood textually, whereas if in anything other than ta'abbudi then it can be understood contextually. To contextualize the hadith, according to Asjmuni, there are several steps; (1) a hadith must be understood in an integrated manner with other evidence; (2)  when the hadith contains 'illah, then a hadith must be sought 'illah, in order to be contextualized. The contribution of legal hadith thought from Asjmuni  is found in his writings which contains fatwas on the legal status based on the Qur'an and hadith. These fatwas were issued by Asjmuni through Kedaulatan Rakyat newspaper for 24 years. In addition, in his capacity as chairman of the Muhammadiyah Tarjih Assembly, he also influenced the fatwa results of the assembly, especially fatwas in the book of Tanya Jawab Agama volumes two, three, and four.