Acute Toxicity of Ethanol Extract and A Fraction Of Sansevieria Trifasciata Prain Using The Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT)

Abstract

Sansevieria trifasciata Prain plants are simple to grow in Indonesia and have therapeutic potential. The potential toxicity effect present in medicinal plants is important to be identified for safety assurance. The objective of this study is to identify the potential acute toxicity of leaves ethanol extract and fraction of snake plants (S.trifasciata). This study used the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. S. trifasciata leaves are extracted with ethanol by maceration. The ethanol extract was then fractionated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol solvents. Extract and fraction  S. trifasciata leaves with concentrations of 1000, 500, 100, 50, and 10 µg/ml were exposed to Artemia salina (L.).
larvae for 24 hours. The level of toxicity is determined based on LC50 obtained based on the number of dead larvae, through probit analysis. The ethanol extract and the fraction of S.trifasciata leaves are active cytotoxic characterized by LC₅₀ of 251,187 ppm for the ethanol extract, 116,950 ppm for the n-hexane fraction, 76,033 ppm for the ethyl acetate fraction, 20,230 ppm for the n-butanol fraction and 34,751 for the remaining fraction. The ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and the remaining fraction were categorized as toxic, while the n-butanol fraction was categorized as very toxic.