Review: Pengelolaan Limbah Kota Melalui Teknologi Waste-to-Energy: Tinjauan Potensi, Tantangan dan Dampak Lingkungan

Nurmustaqimah Nurmustaqimah, Siti Jamilatun, Aster Rahayu, Yuliza Nuryanti

Abstract


Permintaan energi yang terus meningkat di seluruh dunia akibat perkembangan ekonomi, industrialisasi, dan urbanisasi berkontribusi pada peningkatan volume sampah perkotaan atau municipal solid waste (MSW). Pengelolaan sampah yang kurang optimal menyebabkan dampak lingkungan dan sosial yang serius, termasuk polusi udara, pencemaran tanah dan air, serta risiko kesehatan bagi masyarakat. Teknologi Waste-to-Energy (WTE) menawarkan solusi inovatif untuk mengurangi volume sampah sekaligus menghasilkan energi alternatif. Artikel ini mengkaji secara komprehensif berbagai metode konversi dalam teknologi WTE, khususnya konversi termokimia seperti insinerasi, pirolisis, dan gasifikasi. Setiap metode dibahas dalam konteks potensi pengurangan volume sampah, efisiensi energi, dan tantangan implementasinya. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa insinerasi mampu mengurangi volume sampah hingga 90% dan menghasilkan listrik, namun juga menimbulkan risiko emisi gas berbahaya dan residu abu. Sementara itu, pirolisis dan gasifikasi menawarkan efisiensi energi yang lebih tinggi dan produk bernilai, Artikel ini juga membahas pentingnya regulasi dan penerapan teknologi yang ramah lingkungan untuk meminimalkan dampak negatif. Tinjauan teknologi WTE memiliki potensi besar untuk diterapkan di berbagai wilayah dengan modifikasi sesuai karakteristik sampah lokal dan kapasitas energi yang dibutuhkan khususnya dikota yogyakarta.


Keywords


Konversi energi; Lingkungan; Sampah Kota; Waste-to-Energy.

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References


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