Bionomics and Distribution of Anopheles Species in Different Ecological Types in Lampung Province, Indonesia

Abstract

Background: Malaria is still a global problem, including in Indonesia. Lampung is a low endemic area, but confirmed vector anopheles have been found in this province. In order to support the malaria elimination program in Indonesia in 2030, it is necessary to comprehend the bionomic Anopheles in Lampung Province.

Method: The capture of Anopheles mosquitoes was carried out using the human landing collection method in 3 districts in Lampung Province, namely South Lampung, Tanggamus and Pesawaran. Each district was conducted in 3 ecologies: Forest, urban and coastal, and each is carried out near and far from human dwellings.

Results: The most commonly found species is Anopheles sundaicus which is found in coastal ecosystems far from settlements with activity time almost all night. The next highest number were anopheles barbirostris in southern Lampung and An. Aconitus in Tanggamus. Another species found were An. kochi, An. maculatus complex, An. nigerrimus, An. sundaicus complex, and An. tesselatus.

Conclusion: Lampung Province has a receptive area with the discovery of anopheles species that have been confirmed as vectors on the island of Sumatra. The species that is widely found is Anopheles sundaicus with main ecosystems found on the coastal area-far from human dwellings.

Keywords: Anopheles; Bionomics; Malaria