Study of Behavior, Distribution, and Potential as a Vector of Malaria Anopheles letifer In Indonesia

Abstract

Background: Anopheles letifer is one of the malaria vectors in Indonesia. This species was previously known to be distributed in North Sumatra, Riau, Jambi, South Sumatra, West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, East Kalimantan and Bangka Belitung provinces. The potential of An. letifer as a malaria vector is influenced by its behavior. Based on this background, the study aims to determine the development of the distribution, and behavior of An. letifer and the potential transmission of malaria in Indonesia.

Method: Mosquito collection was carried out using human landing methods, animal bit traps, collection around livestock, resting morning, and light traps. The mosquitoes have analyzed the presence of Plasmodium, the blood feed analysis, and fluctuations in mosquito density throughout the night.

Results: The results showed that An.letifer was distributed on Riau, Riau Islands, Jambi, Bangka Belitung, West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, South Kalimantan and North Kalimantan provinces. Anopheles letifer was known to predominantly suck the blood of people outdoor and some indoors. This species has a night-long bloodsucking activity with varying densities and fluctuations throughout the night in each province. The results of the analysis of Plasmodium positive in An. letifer were found in Central Kalimantan.

Conclusion: The potential transmission of malaria transmitted by An. letifer was higher in Central Kalimantan when compared to other provinces.

Keywords: Anopheles; Behavior; Malaria